深网络提供从医学成像到计算摄影的多重成像逆问题的最先进的性能。但是，大多数现有网络都是用清洁信号训练，这些信号通常很难或无法获得。近来的成像（EI）是最近的自我监督的学习框架，其利用信号分布中存在的组不变性，以仅从部分测量数据中学习重建功能。虽然EI结果令人印象深刻，但其性能随着噪音的增加而劣化。在本文中，我们提出了一种强大的成像（REI）框架，其可以学习从嘈杂的部分测量单独学习图像。该方法采用Stein的无偏见风险估算器（肯定）获得完全无偏见的训练损失，这是对噪声强大的。我们表明REI导致线性和非线性逆问题导致相当大的性能收益，从而为具有深网络的稳健无监督成像铺平了道路。代码可在：https://github.com/edongdongchen/rei。

用于神经形态计算的生物学启发的尖峰神经元是具有动态状态变量的非线性滤波器 - 与深度学习中使用的无状态神经元模型非常不同。 Notel Intel的神经形态研究处理器Loihi 2的下一个版本支持各种具有完全可编程动态的最有状态尖峰神经元模型。在这里，我们展示了先进的尖峰神经元模型，可用于有效地处理仿真Loihi 2硬件的仿真实验中的流数据。在一个示例中，共振和火（RF）神经元用于计算短时间傅里叶变换（STFT），其具有类似的计算复杂度，但是输出带宽的47倍而不是传统的STFT。在另一个例子中，我们描述了一种使用时间率RF神经元的光学流量估计算法，其需要比传统的基于DNN的解决方案超过90倍。我们还展示了有前途的初步结果，使用BackPropagation培训RF神经元进行音频分类任务。最后，我们表明，跳跃的血管谐振器 - RF神经元的变体 - 重复耳蜗的新特性，并激励一种有效的基于尖峰的谱图编码器。

Recent research has demonstrated the capability of behavior signals captured by smartphones and wearables for longitudinal behavior modeling. However, there is a lack of a comprehensive public dataset that serves as an open testbed for fair comparison among algorithms. Moreover, prior studies mainly evaluate algorithms using data from a single population within a short period, without measuring the cross-dataset generalizability of these algorithms. We present the first multi-year passive sensing datasets, containing over 700 user-years and 497 unique users' data collected from mobile and wearable sensors, together with a wide range of well-being metrics. Our datasets can support multiple cross-dataset evaluations of behavior modeling algorithms' generalizability across different users and years. As a starting point, we provide the benchmark results of 18 algorithms on the task of depression detection. Our results indicate that both prior depression detection algorithms and domain generalization techniques show potential but need further research to achieve adequate cross-dataset generalizability. We envision our multi-year datasets can support the ML community in developing generalizable longitudinal behavior modeling algorithms.

从早期图像处理到现代计算成像，成功的模型和算法都依赖于自然信号的基本属性：对称性。在这里，对称是指信号集的不变性属性，例如翻译，旋转或缩放等转换。对称性也可以以模棱两可的形式纳入深度神经网络中，从而可以进行更多的数据效率学习。虽然近年来端到端的图像分类网络的设计方面取得了重要进展，但计算成像引入了对等效网络解决方案的独特挑战，因为我们通常只通过一些嘈杂的不良反向操作员观察图像，可能不是均等的。我们回顾了现象成像的新兴领域，并展示它如何提供改进的概括和新成像机会。在此过程中，我们展示了采集物理学与小组动作之间的相互作用，以及与迭代重建，盲目的压缩感应和自我监督学习之间的联系。

语言模型既展示了定量的改进，又展示了新的定性功能，随着规模的增加。尽管它们具有潜在的变革性影响，但这些新能力的特征却很差。为了为未来的研究提供信息，为破坏性的新模型能力做准备，并改善社会有害的效果，至关重要的是，我们必须了解目前和近乎未来的能力和语言模型的局限性。为了应对这一挑战，我们介绍了超越模仿游戏基准（Big Bench）。 Big Bench目前由204个任务组成，由132家机构的442位作者贡献。任务主题是多样的，从语言学，儿童发展，数学，常识性推理，生物学，物理学，社会偏见，软件开发等等。 Big-Bench专注于被认为超出当前语言模型的功能的任务。我们评估了OpenAI的GPT型号，Google内部密集变压器体系结构和大型基础上的开关稀疏变压器的行为，跨越了数百万到数十亿个参数。此外，一个人类专家评估者团队执行了所有任务，以提供强大的基准。研究结果包括：模型性能和校准都随规模改善，但绝对的术语（以及与评估者的性能相比）；在模型类中的性能非常相似，尽管带有稀疏性。逐渐和预测的任务通常涉及大量知识或记忆成分，而在临界规模上表现出“突破性”行为的任务通常涉及多个步骤或组成部分或脆性指标；社交偏见通常会随着含糊不清的环境而随着规模而增加，但这可以通过提示来改善。

在许多现实世界中，只有不完整的测量数据可用于培训，这可能会带来学习重建功能的问题。实际上，通常不可能使用固定的不完整测量过程学习，因为测量运算符的无信息中没有信息。可以通过使用来自多个操作员的测量来克服此限制。尽管该想法已成功地应用于各种应用中，但仍缺乏对学习条件的精确表征。在本文中，我们通过提出必要和充分的条件来学习重建所需的基本信号模型，以指示不同测量运算符数量之间的相互作用，每个操作员的测量数量，模型的尺寸和尺寸之间的相互作用。信号。此外，我们提出了一个新颖且概念上简单的无监督学习损失，该损失仅需要访问不完整的测量数据，并在验证足够的条件时与受监督学习的表现达到相同的表现。我们通过一系列有关各种成像逆问题的实验，例如加速磁共振成像，压缩感测和图像介入，通过一系列实验来验证我们的理论界限，并证明了与以前的方法相比，提出的无监督损失的优势。

我们描述了作为黑暗机器倡议和LES Houches 2019年物理学研讨会进行的数据挑战的结果。挑战的目标是使用无监督机器学习算法检测LHC新物理学的信号。首先，我们提出了如何实现异常分数以在LHC搜索中定义独立于模型的信号区域。我们定义并描述了一个大型基准数据集，由> 10亿美元的Muton-Proton碰撞，其中包含> 10亿美元的模拟LHC事件组成。然后，我们在数据挑战的背景下审查了各种异常检测和密度估计算法，我们在一组现实分析环境中测量了它们的性能。我们绘制了一些有用的结论，可以帮助开发无监督的新物理搜索在LHC的第三次运行期间，并为我们的基准数据集提供用于HTTPS://www.phenomldata.org的未来研究。重现分析的代码在https://github.com/bostdiek/darkmachines-unsupervisedChallenge提供。

Logic Mill is a scalable and openly accessible software system that identifies semantically similar documents within either one domain-specific corpus or multi-domain corpora. It uses advanced Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques to generate numerical representations of documents. Currently it leverages a large pre-trained language model to generate these document representations. The system focuses on scientific publications and patent documents and contains more than 200 million documents. It is easily accessible via a simple Application Programming Interface (API) or via a web interface. Moreover, it is continuously being updated and can be extended to text corpora from other domains. We see this system as a general-purpose tool for future research applications in the social sciences and other domains.

This paper proposes a novel observer-based controller for Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) designed to directly receive measurements from a Vision-Aided Inertial Navigation System (VA-INS) and produce the required thrust and rotational torque inputs. The VA-INS is composed of a vision unit (monocular or stereo camera) and a typical low-cost 6-axis Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) equipped with an accelerometer and a gyroscope. A major benefit of this approach is its applicability for environments where the Global Positioning System (GPS) is inaccessible. The proposed VTOL-UAV observer utilizes IMU and feature measurements to accurately estimate attitude (orientation), gyroscope bias, position, and linear velocity. Ability to use VA-INS measurements directly makes the proposed observer design more computationally efficient as it obviates the need for attitude and position reconstruction. Once the motion components are estimated, the observer-based controller is used to control the VTOL-UAV attitude, angular velocity, position, and linear velocity guiding the vehicle along the desired trajectory in six degrees of freedom (6 DoF). The closed-loop estimation and the control errors of the observer-based controller are proven to be exponentially stable starting from almost any initial condition. To achieve global and unique VTOL-UAV representation in 6 DoF, the proposed approach is posed on the Lie Group and the design in unit-quaternion is presented. Although the proposed approach is described in a continuous form, the discrete version is provided and tested. Keywords: Vision-aided inertial navigation system, unmanned aerial vehicle, vertical take-off and landing, stochastic, noise, Robotics, control systems, air mobility, observer-based controller algorithm, landmark measurement, exponential stability.

Recent advances in upper limb prostheses have led to significant improvements in the number of movements provided by the robotic limb. However, the method for controlling multiple degrees of freedom via user-generated signals remains challenging. To address this issue, various machine learning controllers have been developed to better predict movement intent. As these controllers become more intelligent and take on more autonomy in the system, the traditional approach of representing the human-machine interface as a human controlling a tool becomes limiting. One possible approach to improve the understanding of these interfaces is to model them as collaborative, multi-agent systems through the lens of joint action. The field of joint action has been commonly applied to two human partners who are trying to work jointly together to achieve a task, such as singing or moving a table together, by effecting coordinated change in their shared environment. In this work, we compare different prosthesis controllers (proportional electromyography with sequential switching, pattern recognition, and adaptive switching) in terms of how they present the hallmarks of joint action. The results of the comparison lead to a new perspective for understanding how existing myoelectric systems relate to each other, along with recommendations for how to improve these systems by increasing the collaborative communication between each partner.